A Case Review Integrating Lewinã¢â‚¬â„¢s Theory With Leanã¢â‚¬â„¢s System Approach for Change
Definitions: Systems, Systems Theory, Systems Thinking, Tools
What's a System?
Adapted from the Field Guide to Consulting and Organizational Development: Collaborative and Systems Approach to Performance Alter and Learning.
One of the biggest breakthroughs in how we empathize and guide change in organizations is systems theory and systems thinking. To empathize how they are used in organizations, nosotros commencement must sympathize a organisation. Many of us take an intuitive understanding of the term. However, we need to make the agreement explicit in club to use systems thinking and systems tools in organizations.
Simply put, a organization is an organized drove of parts (or subsystems) that are highly integrated to attain an overall goal. The system has diverse inputs, which go through certain processes to produce certain outputs, which together, accomplish the overall desired goal for the organisation. And then a arrangement is usually fabricated up of many smaller systems, or subsystems. For instance, an organization is made upward of many administrative and management functions, products, services, groups and individuals. If one office of the system is inverse, the nature of the overall system is often changed, as well -- by definition then, the system is systemic, meaning relating to, or affecting, the entire system. (This is not to be dislocated with systematic, which can mean merely that something is methodological. Thus, methodological thinking -- systematic thinking -- does not necessarily mean systems thinking.)
Systems range from simple to complex. There are numerous types of systems. For example, there are biological systems (for example, the heart), mechanical systems (for case, a thermostat), human/mechanical systems (for example, riding a bicycle), ecological systems (for case, predator/prey) and social systems (for example, groups, supply and need and too friendship). Circuitous systems, such as social systems, are comprised of numerous subsystems, as well. These subsystems are arranged in hierarchies, and integrated to accomplish the overall goal of the overall organisation. Each subsystem has its own boundaries of sorts, and includes diverse inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes geared to achieve an overall goal for the subsystem. Complex systems usually interact with their environments and are, thus, open systems.
A loftier-functioning system continually exchanges feedback among its various parts to ensure that they remain closely aligned and focused on achieving the goal of the organization. If whatever of the parts or activities in the system seems weakened or misaligned, the organisation makes necessary adjustments to more than effectively achieve its goals.
A pile of sand is not a arrangement. If you remove a sand particle, you lot accept withal got a pile of sand. However, a functioning car is a arrangement. Remove the carburetor and y'all no longer accept a working car.
System Theory
History and Orientation
Hegel developed in the 19th century a theory to explain historical development every bit a dynamic process. Marx and Darwin used this theory in their work. System theory (every bit we know it) was used by L. von Bertalanffy, a biologist, equally the ground for the subject field known every bit 'general organization theory', a multidisciplinary field (1968). Some influences from the contingency approach tin can be plant in organization theory.
Core Assumptions and Statements
System theory is the transdisciplinary written report of the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal calibration of existence. It investigates both the principles common to all complex entities, and the (usually mathematical) models which can exist used to describe them. A system can exist said to consist of four things.
- The first is objects – the parts, elements, or variables inside the organization. These may be physical or abstruse or both, depending on the nature of the organisation.
- Second, a system consists of attributes – the qualities or properties of the system and its objects.
- Third, a system had internal relationships among its objects.
- Fourth, systems exist in an environment.
A organisation, then, is a set of things that bear on one some other within an environment and form a larger design that is different from whatever of the parts. The key systems-interactive prototype of organizational analysis features the continual stages of input, throughput (processing), and output, which demonstrate the concept of openness/closedness. A closed organisation does not collaborate with its surround. It does not accept in data and therefore is likely to atrophy, that is to vanish. An open system receives information, which it uses to interact dynamically with its environs. Openness increases its likelihood to survive and prosper. Several system characteristics are: wholeness and interdependence (the whole is more than the sum of all parts), correlations, perceiving causes, chain of influence, bureaucracy, suprasystems and subsystems, self-regulation and control, goal-oriented, interchange with the environment, inputs/outputs, the demand for rest/homeostasis, modify and adaptability (morphogenesis) and equifinality: at that place are diverse ways to accomplish goals. Different types of networks are: line, commune, hierarchy and dictator networks. Advice in this perspective can be seen equally an integrated process – non every bit an isolated event.
Conceptual Model
Simple Arrangement Model.
Source: Littlejohn (1999)
Elaborated organization perspective model.
Source: Infante (1997)
Favourite Methods
Network assay, ECCO analysis. ECCO, Episodic Communication Channels in System, analysis is a grade of a data drove log-canvas. This method is peculiarly designed to analyze and map communication networks and mensurate rates of flow, distortion of messages, and back-up. The ECCO is used to monitor the progress of a specific piece of information through the organization.
Scope and Application
Related fields of system theory are information theory and cybernetics. This grouping of theories tin help us understand a wide variety of physical, biological, social and behavioral processes, including communication (Infante, 1997).
Example
Take for example family unit relations.
References
Cardinal publications
Bertalanffy, von, 50. (1968). General systems theory. New York: Braziller.
Laarmans, R. (1999). Communicatie zonder Mensen. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
Luhmann, N. (1984). Soziale Systeme. Grund einer allgemeinen Theorie. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Midgley, M. (Ed.) (2003). Systems thinking. London: Sage.
Littlejohn, S.Due west. (2001). Theories of Man Communication. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning.
Infante, D.A., Rancer, A.S. & Womack, D.F. (1997). Building communication theory. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press.
Source: https://www.kebijakankesehatanindonesia.net/20-sistem-kesehatan/84-sistem
0 Response to "A Case Review Integrating Lewinã¢â‚¬â„¢s Theory With Leanã¢â‚¬â„¢s System Approach for Change"
Post a Comment